Nutrition-Related Adverse Outcomes in Endurance Sports Competitions: A Review of Incidence and Practical Recommendations
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Título: | Nutrition-Related Adverse Outcomes in Endurance Sports Competitions: A Review of Incidence and Practical Recommendations |
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Autor/es: | Martínez Sanz, José Miguel | Fernández Núñez, Ana | Sospedra, Isabel | Martinez-Rodriguez, Alejandro | Domínguez, Raúl | González Jurado, José Antonio | Sánchez-Oliver, Antonio J. |
Grupo/s de investigación o GITE: | Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición (ALINUT) | Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation / Atención centrada en la persona e innovación en resultados de salud (PCC-HOI) | Análisis de Alimentos, Química Culinaria y Nutrición (AAQCN) |
Centro, Departamento o Servicio: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología |
Palabras clave: | Heat stroke | Hyponatremia | Dehydration | Hypothermia | Gastrointestinal diseases | Sport | Athletic performance |
Área/s de conocimiento: | Enfermería | Nutrición y Bromatología |
Fecha de publicación: | 8-jun-2020 |
Editor: | MDPI |
Cita bibliográfica: | Martínez-Sanz JM, Fernández Nuñez A, Sospedra I, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Domínguez R, González-Jurado JA, Sánchez-Oliver AJ. Nutrition-Related Adverse Outcomes in Endurance Sports Competitions: A Review of Incidence and Practical Recommendations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(11):4082. doi:10.3390/ijerph17114082 |
Resumen: | During the last few years, the numbers of competitors in endurance and ultra-endurance sports modalities have increased significantly. This type of competition is an extreme challenge for athletes. Therefore, they have an increased the risk of developing medical and nutritional problems. The aim of the work is to estimate the incidence of nutrition-related adverse outcomes in endurance and ultra-endurance sports, considering the variables that influence them. A critical review was carried out based on the PubMed database, by means of a search strategy based on keywords separated by Boolean connectors. For all the results obtained in a period from 2008 to 2019, a series of inclusion/exclusion criteria was applied to select only the studies that fitted the objective of the present study. Results and discussion: Of the 871 publications identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria. The adverse outcomes found included exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), heat stroke by exertion (EHS), gastrointestinal (GI) problems, dehydration, and hypothermia; the provision of misinformation to athletes about nutrient intake and hydration during competition was identified as the main cause. Conclusions: The main adverse outcomes in endurance and ultra-endurance sports modalities are EAH, GI inconveniences, and EHS. These problems can affect the performance and health status of the athlete during and post-competition. Several nutritional guidelines have been suggested that can prevent these adverse outcomes, and it is essential to individualize and adjust the nutritional intake and hydration status according to the characteristics of each competition. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/107277 |
ISSN: | 1661-7827 (Print) | 1660-4601 (Online) |
DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph17114082 |
Idioma: | eng |
Tipo: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Derechos: | © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
Revisión científica: | si |
Versión del editor: | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114082 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | INV - ALINUT - Artículos de Revistas INV - PCC-HOI - Artículos de Revistas INV - AAQCN - Artículos de Revistas |
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