Versatile Barium and Calcium Imidazolium-Dicarboxylate Heterogeneous Catalysts in Quinoline Synthesis

Abstract

This article details the development of heterogeneous catalysts based on calcium and barium in combination with the organic linker 1,3-bis(carboxymethyl)imidazolium (bcmim). The linker and the materials from alkaline earth metals are easily prepared under very smooth conditions. The use of linkers with different counterions (Cl or Br) provided different materials. Calcium- and barium-based catalysts were successfully employed in the preparation of quinoline derivatives from ketones and 2-aminoarylaldehydes or 2-aminoarylketones. In general, barium-based catalysts provided better results than calcium, although the latter are an excellent complement for certain substrates. Thus, a notable feature of such catalysts is the possibility of accessing a variety of complementary heterogeneous catalytic systems, rendering the catalysis adaptive to the reactant.