Knowledge and Perceived Emotions Regarding an Anal Cancer Preventive Program in People Diagnosed With HIV: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: To the best of our knowledge, no studies have yet examined the emotional repercussions of the care processes among people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who participate in preventive anal cancer screening programs. Objective: This study aimed to explore the knowledge, emotions, sexuality, barriers, and facilitators perceived by this patient group during the process of anal cancer screening and diagnosis. Methods: Detailed, semistructured, qualitative interviews were completed with 17 men and 3 women to explore their knowledge, experiences, and emotions regarding the screening process. Purposive sampling was conducted on the basis of age, gender, and type of lesion diagnosed in the anal biopsy. Results: Four major themes were identified: 1) knowledge of the disease and its treatment, 2) emotions perceived by the patients, 3) the influence of screening on sexual practices, and 4) facilitators and obstacles during the care provision process. Patients reported appropriate knowledge of anal cancer and human papillomavirus. Predominant emotions were worry and fear with avoidance as one of the coping strategies. Conclusion: These results suggest that communication of information and clinical results can be improved. Implication for Practice: Understanding the facilitators and barriers to the program will allow the integration of interventions designed to improve healthcare provision into direct care.