Mujeres deportistas españolas: estereotipos de género en los medios de comunicación

Abstract

En el campo científico, numerosos estudios han analizado la presencia y representación de las mujeres en los medios de comunicación. En todos ellos se ha podido comprobar que existe un sesgo de género muy pronunciado tanto en el número de noticias que se publican como en la forma de representarlas. La escasa visibilidad de las mujeres en la prensa se observa en todos los ámbitos, también en el deportivo. En este trabajo se exponen los principales resultados de una investigación en la que se analizan las noticias que recoge la prensa deportiva sobre el deporte femenino entre el 1 de febrero de 2015 y el 1 de febrero de 2016. La principal conclusión es que la prensa deportiva ignora el deporte femenino.

The media publications are an important source of information contributing to the selection of the news that are made and the way these are exposed to the configuration of values, cultural habits, and “social imaginary” for the population as a whole (Theory of agenda-setting). In the scientific realm, numerous studies have analysed the presence and representation of women in the media. In all of them it has been verified that there is a gender bias which is very pronounced in both, the number of news that are published and the form of representing them. The low visibility of women in the press was observed in all areas; also in sports. Precisely, this paper presents the main results of a research that analyses the news published by the sports media about women's sport. It is intended to put in evidence how the national sports press represents female elite athletes, the competitions in which they participate, their successes etc.; in a period of time that ranges from 1 February 2015 to 1 February 2016. With this purpose, different female sporting events were collected from various sports publications, web pages, etc. At the same time these events were searched in the main sports publications in Spain (on the same dates) to verify if these news were echoed or not, and if so, how this was made. The newspapers selected were the As, Marca, Mundo Deportivo and the Sport; all of them owned by different corporate groups with a greater number of readers and a broad social impact. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this work is that sports media ignores women's sport. News about the successes of the Spanish athletes in different disciplines rarely appear in the media publications; neither in those which are traditionally considered as female nor in those accepted as male ones.