On the Prosecution of “Stolen Babies” Cases in Spain

Abstract

According to the news published by different media, from the 1950s to the 1990s in Spain, there was a criminal network in different hospitals all over the country devoted to stealing new-borns to give them away through illegal adoptions while informing the biological family that the baby had passed away. It was an allegedly highly profitable business, deeply rooted in Francoist and post-Francoist society. Although more than a thousand claims have been brought before Spanish tribunals, not a single case has yet been proved, and the first judgement delivered will need to be revised since new evidence has shown that it was not a child abduction but an irregular, though consented, adoption. Nevertheless, Parliament recently started discussions on an ambitious law to address these cases. In this article, the different measures adopted by the judiciary, legislative and executive branches to confront these accusations are examined, presenting the unexpected results that have been obtained thus far. In a second part, the considerable legal challenges in prosecuting the illegal conduct are addressed, namely, the conflictive characterization of such conduct according to Spanish law and the applicability of statutory limitations. The paper finishes with a critical analysis of the first judgement delivered on the matter.