Factores de riesgo de consumo de tabaco en adolescentes

Abstract

Objetivo. Analizar factores de riesgo para fumar en adolescentes. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo y relacional sobre creencias, antecedentes, entorno, acceso al tabaco, hábito de fumar, etc., mediante “Encuesta Consumo de Tabaco en Adolescentes”, por regresión logística binaria de predicción de haber fumado durante último mes. Resultados. De 1122 estudiantes analizados, 270 fumaron durante el último mes (24.1%). Fueron factores de riesgo significativos: creer que fumar hace más atractivo (OR=263.0), beber alcohol (OR=155.2); fuman los padres (OR=30.9), no creer que es perjudicial (OR=22.5), algún amigo fuma (OR=11.5), posee algo con logotipo de tabaco (OR=8.8), no escuchar mensajes contra el tabaco (OR=4.0) y ser mujer (OR=2.6; IC95% 1.0-6.7). Conclusión. Son factores protectores para no fumar, el evitar la imagen atractiva del fumador, tener padres no fumadores, informar sobre efectos dañinos asociados y evitar el consumo de alcohol. Las adolescentes tienen mayor riesgo de fumar precozmente.

Objective. To analyze risk factors for smoking among adolescents. Material and methods. Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and relational study on beliefs, antecedents, environment, access to tobacco, smoking habit, etc., by means of “Survey of Tobacco Consumption in Adolescents”, by binary logistic regression of prediction of having smoked during last month. Results: Of 1122 students analyzed, 270 smoked during the last month (24.1%). There were significant risk factors: to believe that smoking makes more attractive (OR=263.0), to drink alcohol (OR=155.2); smoke the parents (OR=30.9), do not believe that it is harmful (OR=22.5), some friend smokes (OR=11.5), owns something with tobacco logo (OR=8.8), does not listen to messages against tobacco (OR=4.0) and being a woman (OR=2.6, IC95% 1.0-6.7). Conclusion. Are protective factors for not smoking, to prevent the attractive image of the smoker, to have non-smoking parents, provide information and avoid the harmful effects associated with alcohol consumption. Adolescents have a higher risk of early smoking.