Optimization of the alkali activation conditions of ground granulated SiMn slag

Abstract

The viability of using a SiMn slag as raw material for the preparation of alkali activated binder has been analysed. The slag has been characterized from the physical, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural point of view. The solution used for the alkali activation process was waterglass, which was prepared by the mix of a sodium silicate solution with sodium hydroxide. The influence of the following design parameters in alkali activated pastes has been studied: %Na2O, SiO2/Na2O ratio and activating solution/slag ratio. All the prepared specimens have been cured under a 100% of relative humidity atmosphere and no additives have been included in the formulations. For the evaluation of the alkali activation process a response surface methodology has been adopted by modelling the obtained results for different control parameters. The proposed experimental methodology consisted of a composite cubic-type experimental design which follows 2nd degree polynomial model. The control parameters of the pastes used in this research have been: workability, compressive strength at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing time, setting times and shrinkage at 50% of relative humidity. The results show that it is possible to valorise the SiMn slag through its use as an alkali activated binder. In general, workability decreases as the %Na2O increases and SiO2/Na2O ratio decreases. Initial setting times ranges from 38 to 263 min depending on the activating solution composition, and workability time decreases for increasing %Na2O. A compressive strength higher than 45 MPa can be achieved by the following activating conditions: 4.0–4.5%Na2O, SiO2/Na2O = 1.00 and activating solution/slag = 0.35–0.375. Shrinkage values of pastes that were cured at 50% of relative humidity ranged from 1.5% to 3.0%.