Evitar la violencia obstétrica: motivo para decidir el parto en casa

Abstract

Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio se centra en conocer los motivos que influyen en la decisión del parto en casa. Metodología. Se trata de un diseño cualitativo de corte etnográfico realizado en la provincia de Alicante entre 2009 y 2014. Participaron once parejas que tuvieron al menos un parto planificado en casa. Se realizaron veintiuna entrevistas en profundidad y dos historias de vida y se obtuvieron cinco relatos escritos. Para su análisis se apoyó en la etnografía, el modelo estructural-dialéctico y el paquete informático ATLAS-ti v6.2. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 3 categorías: valores, creencias y deseos. De los valores, cabe destacar que ellas son reivindicativas y críticas; ellos protectores, respetuosos y participativos; ellas empoderadas, confían en su intuición y capacidad para parir. Sobre el parto creen que es un proceso normal, que suele ir bien y que es un acto familiar y trascendental. Sobre el parto en casa consideran que hay menos riesgos, se respetan los derechos y el padre tiene mayor protagonismo que en el parto hospitalario. También desean seguir con la tradición y evitar la violencia obstétrica. Conclusiones. Con su decisión pusieron de manifiesto su discrepancia con muchas creencias sobre el parto arraigadas en la sociedad y su rechazo al parto hospitalario. Cuando compararon la atención que se recibía en casa y en el hospital optaron por el parto en casa porque evitaban la violencia obstétrica y se respetaban sus creencias y valores.

Objectives. This study aims to identify the reasons why couples prefer home over hospital birth. Methodology. The methodology is an ethnographic qualitative research design carried out in the Alicante Province between 2009 and 2014. Eleven couples that had had at least one planned home birth took part in the study. Twenty-one in-depth interviews and two life stories were carried out and five written records were obtained. For the analysis of the results, we relied on ethnography, the structural-dialectic model, and the software package ATLAS-ti v6.2. Results. Three categories were identified: values, beliefs, and wishes. Among the values, it was highlighted that the participants were socially committed and critical with the system. The men were protective, respectful and participative, while the women were highly empowered, confident in their intuition and their capacity to give birth. They believe that delivery is a natural process that usually proceeds normally, a family act and a meaningful moment. Concerning home birth, they consider that there is less risk, their wishes are respected, and the father has a bigger role, contrary to what happens in a hospital birth. Participants wished to continue the tradition and for their rights to be respected and avoiding obstetric violence. Conclusions. With their decision, these couples manifested their disagreement with some beliefs rooted in society and thus they refused hospital birth. When comparing the attention received both at home and at the hospital, they chose home birth to avoid obstetric violence and to have their beliefs and values respected.