BIM Methodology. A Tool for Improving the Learning of Construction Systems

Abstract

The construction sector is currently undergoing a process of change. For years, its methods of design and execution have been constant, without hardly modifications. Today, BIM technology (Building Information Modeling), has meant a conceptual revolution in how to manage the entire construction process. It is not a question of learning to use a specific software, it is a change of roles, of working methodology. BIM technology seeks to centralize information in order to reduce duplicities leading to errors of execution and consequently to an unnecessary economic loss and an increase of the expected time frames. The solution of problems is now handled jointly by the different professionals who are part of the design and execution of a building: architects, calculation engineers, constructors and of course building engineers. There is no longer an individual work but a group work. Faced with this reality, professional change must be years before in the learning stage. In the Architectural Technology Degree there are several subjects where the application of BIM technology would be an incentive for the student. The student would be in contact with the latest software used in the construction sector as well as BIM technology will provide him the understanding of the subject. As a particular case, the present paper focuses on the subject of "Fundamentals of Construction", compulsory subject of first year of the Architectural Technology Degree at the University of Alicante. This subject is a first contact of the student with the execution of structural elements, with materials such as reinforced concrete and / or steel. Traditionally, the process of teaching and learning in subjects related to building systems has been carried out following a theoretical and practical framework, where the student had to draw constructive solutions in two dimensions about foundations, slabs, flat covers... The first year, student has specific deficiencies in this subject. Firstly, he does not have a previous knowledge about the subject, so even the vocabulary is a problem. Secondly, the top-floor or elevations views of constructive details in two dimensions do not give them the real vision of what is being proposed. In conclusion, it is intended to improve the learning of this subject with BIM technology. The introduction of basic BIM concepts that allow students to improve their attitude and aptitude to the subject, is proposed for the next academic year. Three dimensions virtual model is done with BIM technology, from the begining, modified and adapted with the inclusion of data, before and during the building construction. With specialist teachers in this technology, the Technical Architecture Degree provides the student not only the knowledge traditionally established, but a differentiating contribution among others universities, by introducing the latest technologies in teaching that will have its immediate reflection in their near professional activity.