Simple and Resistant Construction Built with Concrete Voussoirs for Developing Countries

Abstract

This paper provides a solution to the covering of spaces in buildings by substituting masonry vaults comprising voussoirs for traditional horizontal slabs. They are made of precast concrete with cement mortar joints. They are intended for covers with maintenance loads but without live loads and their function is to create a singular vaulted interior space. The vaults must be supported by a vertical auxiliary traditional structure, such as a plane frame of beams and pillars made of reinforced concrete, or by masonry walls. The horizontal reaction forces have to be borne by steel braces or buttresses. The basic geometry is standardized by a span of 6 m, with a rise in the key of 0.80 m and a constant vault thickness of 0.28 m. The curvature of the arch is achieved by the modification of the thickness of the mortar joints; spans of 3–6 m, with different rises of the arch, can be easily obtained. The main aim of this research is the reintroduction of arches and vaults as structural elements in present day architecture, which have the added advantage of not needing the addition of steel; this eliminates the risk of steel corrosion. The use of these techniques can also provide an easy way to construct homes in developing countries that lack adequate resources and tools. The solution aims toward more sustainable construction and is specifically designed for new buildings; however, it can also be used in building rehabilitation cases.