Biodiesel wastes: An abundant and promising source for the preparation of acidic catalysts for utilization in etherification reaction
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Title: | Biodiesel wastes: An abundant and promising source for the preparation of acidic catalysts for utilization in etherification reaction |
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Authors: | Gonçalves, Maraisa | Mantovani, Michelle | Carvalho, Wagner Alves | Rodrigues, Raphael | Mandelli, Dalmo | Silvestre-Albero, Joaquín |
Research Group/s: | Materiales Avanzados |
Center, Department or Service: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Inorgánica | Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Materiales |
Keywords: | Glycerol waste | Etherification | Sulfonated black carbon |
Knowledge Area: | Química Inorgánica |
Issue Date: | 15-Nov-2014 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Citation: | Chemical Engineering Journal. 2014, 256: 468-474. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.013 |
Abstract: | Environmentally friendly sulfonated black carbon (BC) catalysts were prepared from biodiesel waste, glycerol. These black carbons (BCs) contain a high amount of acidic groups, mainly sulfonated and oxygenated groups. Furthermore, these catalysts show a high catalytic activity in the glycerol etherification reaction with tert-butyl alcohol, the activity being larger for the sample prepared with a higher glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (1:3). The yield for mono-tert-butyl glycerol (MTBG), di-tert-butyl glycerol (DTBG) and tri-tert-butyl-glycerol (TTBG) were very similar to those obtained using a commercial resin, Amberlyst-15. Furthermore, experimental results show that the carbon with the lowest acidic surface group content, BC prepared in minor glycerol:sulfuric acid ratio (10:1), can be chemically treated after carbonization to achieve an improved catalytic activity. The activity of all BCs is high and very similar, about 50% and 20% for the MTBG and DTBG + TTBG, respectively. |
Sponsor: | This work was supported by FAPESP-Brazil (Project number 2011/22264-4, 2011/14626-3). |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/40802 |
ISSN: | 1385-8947 (Print) | 1873-3212 (Online) |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.013 |
Language: | eng |
Type: | info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Peer Review: | si |
Publisher version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.07.013 |
Appears in Collections: | INV - LMA - Artículos de Revistas |
Files in This Item:
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2014_Goncalves_etal_CEJ_final.pdf | Versión final (acceso restringido) | 627,33 kB | Adobe PDF | Open Request a copy |
2014_Goncalves_etal_CEJ.pdf | Accepted Manuscript (acceso abierto) | 562,13 kB | Adobe PDF | Open Preview |
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