Diferencias obstétricas y neonatales entre mujeres autóctonas e inmigrantes

Abstract

Objetivo: Identificar el perfil epidemiológico obstétrico y neonatal de las gestantes inmigrantes que parieron en el Hospital de Albacete durante los años 2004 y 2005. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado en 1.322 mujeres, 661 inmigrantes y 661 autóctonas. Se seleccionaron variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas y neonatales para ambos colectivos. Se practicó un análisis multivariante para aislar el efecto neto de ser inmigrante en los resultados obstétricos y neonatales. Resultados: El número de partos en inmigrantes se incrementó un 29,5% y supusieron un 12,2% del total de mujeres. No presentan partos de mayor riesgo que las autóctonas. A diferencia de las autóctonas, son más jóvenes y multíparas, y utilizan menos la epidural. Conclusiones: El perfil epidemiológico de los resultados obstétricos y neonatales en inmigrantes es similar al de las autóctonas. El tipo de parto y el ingreso en pediatría no están condicionados por la nacionalidad. Ser joven y multípara son los principales factores de protección.

Objective: To identify the neonatal and obstetric epidemiological profile of pregnant immigrant women who gave birth in Albacete Hospital between 2004 and 2005. Material and methods: We performed a descriptive study in 1,322 women (661 immigrants and 661 Spanish-born women). Sociodemographic, obstetric and neonatal data were gathered from both groups. A multivariate analysis was performed to isolate the effect of immigrant status on neonatal and obstetric outcomes. Results: The number of deliveries in immigrants increased by 29.5 % (representing 12.2 % of the total number of women). No differences in delivery-related risk were found between the two groups. In comparison with Spanish-born women, immigrant women were younger and multiparous. The use of epidural was less frequent in immigrant women. Conclusions: The epidemiological profile of neonatal and obstetric outcomes in immigrant women was similar to that in Spanish-born women. Type of delivery and admission to the pediatric service were not influenced by nationality. Being young and having had several children are protective factors for women.